{"id":442,"date":"2017-11-27T14:11:08","date_gmt":"2017-11-27T14:11:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/copyright.lboro.ac.uk\/research\/?p=442"},"modified":"2017-11-27T15:09:48","modified_gmt":"2017-11-27T15:09:48","slug":"just-pulled-hand-lap-really-like-assaulted-london-underground","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.lboro.ac.uk\/research\/communication-culture-citizenship\/just-pulled-hand-lap-really-like-assaulted-london-underground\/","title":{"rendered":"‘He just pulled my hand in to his lap’: what it’s really like to be assaulted on the London Underground"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sexual harassment is rife in public spaces, and as an integral part of daily life, public transport is no exception. As global as it is endemic, women are forced to negotiate the risk and reality of sexual harassment as they get from A to B on a daily basis.<\/p>\n

On the London Underground, the extent of the issue became apparent in 2013 after a Transport for London (TfL) survey<\/a> revealed that 15% of Londoners had experienced some form of unwanted sexual attention on public transport in the city. A large proportion of these incidents happened on the Underground.<\/p>\n

In my research, I spoke to women who had experienced sexual harassment on the tube. The unique nature of the space of the underground and the way people interact with each other when they\u2019re using it mean that the abuse manifests itself in particular ways.<\/p>\n

As Eliza, who has lived in London and used the tube her whole life said:<\/p>\n

On the tube you\u2019re simultaneously in close proximity with so many people and yet you\u2019re completely anonymous. Everyone is in their own world \u2026 and I think some people take advantage of that.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Groping or \u201cfrotteuring\u201d are the most common offences, and generally happen in the morning and evening rush hours. Masturbation and indecent exposures are more likely on quieter, off-peak trains.<\/p>\n

The women I spoke to also described being \u201cupskirted\u201d \u2013 having someone take a photo up their skirt \u2013 and having indecent images randomly sent to them via the airdrop function<\/a> on their phone. They said they had been followed, ejaculated on, had to deflect drunken come-ons, and put up with verbal and physical aggression.<\/p>\n

\"\"
The daily crush provides useful cover for perpetrators.<\/span>
\nAxel Drainville<\/a>, CC BY-NC-SA<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Taylor, a 33-year old project manager in Canary Wharf, east London, called her experience \u201cinsidious\u201d. On a late evening tube, she described how a man came and sat next to her:<\/p>\n

He just pulled my hand in to his lap and held it there \u2026 I just froze \u2026 I was looking around trying to make eye contact with someone to say, \u2018Get this guy off me\u2019. The longer I left it, the more I felt like I couldn\u2019t move \u2026 it lasted 15 minutes. Afterwards \u2026 I was so ashamed and confused by my own reaction.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

When I asked her if she had reported the incident, she shook her head and said:<\/p>\n

I had a hard time even explaining it to my boyfriend. How would I go about talking to the police? There\u2019s no way they\u2019d take that seriously.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The TfL survey showed that only one in ten people made reports after experiencing a sexual offence on the Underground. Due to the nature of the environment and the type of incidents that occur, reporting and policing sexual harassment on the tube comes with its own set of difficulties.<\/p>\n

Unlike most acts of sexual violence, offences on the underground are committed by strangers. The police therefore have to rely on CCTV, Oyster card data, and, most importantly, information from victims when looking into a case. In a fast paced, densely packed, transitory environment, that can be extremely challenging.<\/p>\n

Anonymity<\/h2>\n

Ruth, who commuted on the Waterloo and City line, described how she wasn\u2019t even sure who assaulted her:<\/p>\n

I felt someone\u2019s hand touch me \u2026 between my legs \u2026 The carriage was packed full of men in suits, I couldn\u2019t tell where the hand was coming from and no one looked suspicious. So at first I thought maybe I was imagining it, or it was an accident. Then the fingers moved from side to side \u2026 What was I going to do? If I\u2019d said who\u2019s touching me, no one would admit it. It would be so embarrassing. The tube arrived, the doors opened and everybody got off.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

That kind of uncertainty and ambiguity often affects women\u2019s reactions \u2013 both while an incident is happening and afterwards \u2013 making them reluctant to come forward. They also report a fear of being victim blamed, and thinking the incident was not serious enough to bother the police with, demonstrating the pervasive normalisation of sexual harassment. Furthermore, some women said they didn\u2019t report simply because they wanted to avoid their day being further disrupted, which, considering the energy that often already goes into avoiding and negotiating sexual assault<\/a>, is as valid a reason as any.<\/p>\n

However as Rach stated, perhaps the onus should not be on women to report in the first place:<\/p>\n

Everyone said to me, report it, you should report it. But I didn\u2019t want to, I didn\u2019t want to have to relive it again \u2026 It\u2019s not my responsibility and I shouldn\u2019t be made to feel guilty.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In an attempt to overcome some of these barriers and to put less pressure on victims, British Transport Police have taken various measures. There is now a number you can text to report incidents and undercover officers who are specially trained to spot this kind of behaviour are patrolling the Underground network.<\/p>\n

\"TheThe recent proliferation in reporting and public story sharing has led to an increased awareness that women are forced to negotiate this behaviour on a regular, often daily, basis in all kinds of places. Perhaps we should use this momentum to transfer the pressure and obligation to combat sexually invasive behaviour away from those who have already been victimised and instead collectively challenge issues of normalisation and bystander apathy that allow these incidents to occur on such a pervasive level.<\/p>\n

Sian Lewis<\/a>, Doctoral Researcher. Feminist Urban Sociologist, Loughborough University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

This article was originally published on The Conversation<\/a>. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Header image:\u00a0unsplash\/dwayne paisley marshall<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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